K-ERA · Infectious Keratitis AI Research Network
K-ERA
The ProblemPlatformTechnologyNetwork
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A clinician-facing research platform

A stricter keratitis benchmark,
built for multi-center growth.

K-ERA starts from a leakage-aware single-center study: 101 patients, 258 visits, and 658 white-light slit-lamp images.

The current result is modest, but the broader literature suggests CNN-family models improve as datasets scale. The platform is built to test that next step across hospitals.

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Platform type
Federated extension · Clinician-facing research platform
Focus disease
Infectious keratitis
Bacterial vs fungal differentiation
Keywords
leakage-aware benchmarkkeratitisMedSAMfederated learningvisit-level AI
101
Patients in the founding study
0.677
Best visit-level AUROC under patient-disjoint evaluation
The Problem

Early diagnosis is difficult.
AI has shown promise.
External validation is still the bottleneck.

Infectious keratitis remains one of the leading causes of preventable corneal blindness worldwide. Bacterial and fungal keratitis present with overlapping clinical features, making early differential diagnosis challenging even for experienced clinicians.

The founding K-ERA benchmark was intentionally strict: white-light images only, patient-disjoint 5-fold splitting, visit-level prediction, and leakage-aware controls. Under that setup, performance remained modest, which is exactly why larger and more heterogeneous cohorts matter.

The central constraint is not only model design. It is whether hospitals can build larger validation cohorts without moving raw patient data.
That is the gap K-ERA is trying to close: turn routine clinical cases into a shared validation and training pathway, while keeping raw images and identifiers local.
101
Patients in the founding single-center feasibility cohort.
258
Culture-confirmed visits evaluated with patient-disjoint 5-fold validation.
658
White-light slit-lamp images in the current published benchmark.
0.677
Best visit-level AUROC in the current leakage-aware benchmark.
The Approach

Instead of over-claiming one hospital's model,
build the validation network first.

K-ERA turns routine care into a reviewable research workflow. A single-center benchmark establishes the starting point; federated site rounds create the path toward broader validation, larger cohorts, and stronger CNN performance at scale.

Enables 01
A strict starting benchmark
Begin with leakage-aware single-center evidence, then expand into multi-center validation without changing the clinician workflow.
Enables 02
A realistic scaling path
Across the broader literature, CNN-family models usually improve as datasets become larger and more heterogeneous. K-ERA is built to test that under real hospital variation.
Enables 03
Privacy-preserving collaboration
Local site rounds, pending-review model updates, and FedAvg aggregation support collaboration without moving raw images or patient identifiers.
The Platform

Designed for clinicians.
Structured enough for real research.

A research dataset grows through routine care, but the landing now draws a firmer line between what is already benchmarked, what the app already supports, and what the federated extension is still validating.

Step 01
Register and obtain approval
Sign in with Google, enter case details in the browser, and work inside the same clinical-style workflow. Federated contribution requires institutional approval.
Step 02
Upload slit-lamp images
The platform can store white light, fluorescein, and slit views from a visit. The current published benchmark is white-light only.
Step 03
Prepare lesion ROI
Draw a loose lesion box and K-ERA prepares ROI previews and lesion crops for review. The current paper's lesion-centered comparison was evaluated with manual prompts.
Step 04
Review and contribute
Approved sites can run local image-level or visit-level rounds. Review bundles are checked centrally before aggregation.
Each approved case can become a research observation.
Core Technology

Three rails.
One honest boundary between evidence and roadmap.

Prompt-guided ROI
MedSAM-assisted lesion workflow
MedSAM converts a clinician-drawn box into ROI previews and lesion crops. This reduces manual preprocessing while keeping the clinician in the loop.
In the current paper, lesion-centered gains were shown with manual lesion prompts rather than a fully automated deployment pipeline.
Visit-level benchmark
EfficientNetV2-S MIL plus DINO retrieval rail
The active operating rail is visit-level EfficientNetV2-S MIL, with DINO lesion retrieval retained as a complementary comparison path. The platform can store multiple slit-lamp views, but the published benchmark is white-light.
This keeps current evidence separate from the future multimodal roadmap instead of treating them as the same claim.
Federated extension
Review-first aggregation across hospitals
Site nodes can run local image-level ConvNeXt-Tiny rounds and visit-level EfficientNetV2-S MIL rounds. Aggregation happens after central review rather than blind automatic merging.
The central service receives weight deltas, de-identified metadata, and low-resolution thumbnails for review. Retrieval sharing runs on a separate corpus-expansion rail.
The Network

Today: a founding-site benchmark.
Next: a multi-center validation network.

The current public evidence starts at Jeju National University Hospital. The purpose of the network is to make the next step explicit: more sites, more heterogeneity, and cleaner external validation.

Broader ophthalmic AI literature suggests CNN-based models usually improve as datasets expand. K-ERA is designed to test that expectation prospectively, rather than assume it from one internal study.

Hospital A → local training → Δ weights
Hospital B → local training → Δ weights → Central review
Hospital C → local training → Δ weights

FedAvg aggregation → redistributed to approved nodes
Participating institutions
Additional department invitedOpen
Additional department invitedOpen
Additional department invitedOpen
Additional department invitedOpen
Additional department invitedOpen
Ophthalmology departments invited.
Contact us to join →
The Long-term Goal

Build the infrastructure first,
then earn the larger model.

"Not by pretending one cohort is enough. By building the network that makes the next cohort possible."
K-ERA founding principle

The founding white-light benchmark is still modest. That is precisely the point. K-ERA is not presenting a finished answer; it is building the workflow, review logic, and site infrastructure required to produce stronger external evidence.

If the broader CNN scaling pattern holds in this disease area as well, larger multi-center cohorts should improve robustness. The platform is designed so that claim can be tested transparently, under real governance constraints.

Research does not always begin
with a large grant.

Sometimes it begins with
one patient.
one visit.
one image.
One careful case is where the network starts.
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Read from the beginning
Open to ophthalmology departments · Contact: kera-research@jnuh.ac.kr
K-ERA
© 2026 K-ERA Research Network · Jeju National University Hospital · Ophthalmology
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